Helminths and anthelmintics in small ruminants in Morogoro

Abstract

The prevalence of helminth parasites in various areas of Morogoro have been studied in conjunction with efficacy studies using some commercial anthelmintic preparations, and neem (Azadirachta indica) powder or extracts. The results of the studies conducted from 1995 to 1999 have revealed a high prevalence of helminth parasites in sheep and goats in Morogoro Municipality. Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Cooperia curticei, Cysticercus tenuicollis, Haemonchus contortus, Moniezia expansa, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Paramphistomum spp., Schistosoma bovis, Stilezia hepatica, Strongyloides spp., Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and Trichuris ovis were isolated. The most prevalent species were H. contortus and O. columbianum in goats and sheep. Season of the year influenced occurrence of some helminth species in goats. Gastrointestinal nematodes were more prevalent during the rainy season, in March, February, April and May. While the various commercial anthelmintic preparations tested showed variable efficacies against the helminth parasites, neem seed powder had no significant activity. In recent years there has been increased awareness of small ruminant keeping as sources of income. This awareness has resulted in increases in the number of goats and sheep in the rural areas. Hence, generation of helminth epidemiological data is necessary in order to optimise on treatment and control strategies. Natural products have played a role in treatment and control of endoparasitic conditions, particularly in the villages where incomes are low. Further studies should therefore be directed at evaluating not only neem (Azadirachta indica), but also other botanical extracts with potential for control of livestock pests.